Francisco Coelho / mc-latex

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          <h1 id="bases-para-exercicios">Bases para Exercícios</h1>
<div class="toc">
<ul>
<li><a href="#bases-para-exercicios">Bases para Exercícios</a><ul>
<li><a href="#exercicio-exame">Exercício "Exame"</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="exercicio-exame">Exercício "Exame"</h2>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span class="c">% !TeX program = xelatex</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">% Objetivos</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">% - Fazer um documento básico, para português;</span>
<span class="c">% - Fazer comandos e ambientes simples;</span>
<span class="c">% - Dimensionar a mancha de texto;</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">% Tarefas</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">% 1. exame com várias perguntas;</span>
<span class="c">% 2. comando para a cotação de uma pergunta;</span>
<span class="c">% 3. ambiente para o texto de uma pergunta;</span>
<span class="c">% 4. cabeçalho que identifique</span>
<span class="c">%   - a disciplina</span>
<span class="c">%   - o departamento</span>
<span class="c">%   - a data</span>
<span class="c">%   e com o logótipo da universidade;</span>
<span class="c">% 5. fazer caber numa página;</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   A classe &quot;article&quot; faz parte dos &quot;tipos de documentos&quot; base do LaTeX</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="k">\documentclass</span><span class="na">[12pt]</span><span class="nb">{</span>article<span class="nb">}</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   Internacional</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   Definir a linguagem do documento </span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="k">\usepackage</span><span class="nb">{</span>polyglossia<span class="nb">}</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">% Infelizmente, as definições para português estão </span>
<span class="c">% num ficheiro com um erro ortográfico (mesmo no NAO!!!) no nome. Que tormento!</span>
<span class="c">% </span>
<span class="k">\setmainlanguage</span><span class="nb">{</span>portuges<span class="nb">}</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   Expressões Matemáticas</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="k">\usepackage</span><span class="nb">{</span>amsmath<span class="nb">}</span>
<span class="k">\usepackage</span><span class="nb">{</span>amssymb<span class="nb">}</span>
<span class="k">\usepackage</span><span class="nb">{</span>commath<span class="nb">}</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   Comando para fazer o cabeçalho</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%       ilustra:</span>
<span class="c">%           - inclusão de gráficos &quot;externos&quot;</span>
<span class="c">%           - tabelas</span>
<span class="c">%           - e mais alguns &quot;truques&quot;...</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="k">\newcommand</span><span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\CAB</span><span class="nb">}</span>[4]<span class="nb">{</span> <span class="c">% quatro argumentos</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%   Fazer um cabeçalho</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%   tem quatro argumentos:</span>
    <span class="c">%       - departamento: primeiro argumento</span>
    <span class="c">%       - disciplina: segundo argumento</span>
    <span class="c">%       - evento: terceiro argumento</span>
    <span class="c">%       - data: quarto argumento</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%   e também inclui o logótipo da universidade.</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%   Organizar o cabeçalho: </span>
    <span class="c">%       - logótipo à esquerda e texto à direita</span>
    <span class="c">%       - usar uma tabela para posicionar o logótipo e o texto</span>
    <span class="c">%       - incluir o logótipo a partir de uma imagem</span>
    <span class="c">%       - separar o texto em linhas</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>tabular<span class="nb">}{</span>cc<span class="nb">}</span> <span class="c">% duas colunas, centradas</span>
        <span class="c">%</span>
        <span class="c">%   colocar o logótipo da universidade na coluna da esquerda</span>
        <span class="c">%</span>
        <span class="k">\includegraphics</span><span class="na">[width=0.25\textwidth]</span><span class="nb">{</span>imagens/logo<span class="nb">_</span>principal.png<span class="nb">}</span>
        <span class="c">%</span>
        <span class="c">%   separar as colunas com &quot;&amp;&quot;</span>
        <span class="c">%</span>
        <span class="nb">&amp;</span> 
        <span class="c">%</span>
        <span class="c">%   colocar o texto na coluna da direita</span>
        <span class="c">%</span>
        <span class="c">%   fazer um &quot;bloco&quot; de texto com 70% da largura do texto na página</span>
        <span class="c">%</span>
        <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>minipage<span class="nb">}{</span>0.7<span class="k">\textwidth</span><span class="nb">}</span>
            <span class="c">%</span>
            <span class="c">%   centrar as linhas no bloco de texto</span>
            <span class="c">%</span>
            <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>center<span class="nb">}</span>
                <span class="c">%</span>
                <span class="c">%   Departamento</span>
                <span class="c">%</span>
                <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\Large\bf</span> #1<span class="nb">}</span><span class="k">\\</span><span class="na">[1.0em]</span>
                <span class="c">%</span>
                <span class="c">%   Disciplina</span>
                <span class="c">%</span>
                <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\large</span> #2<span class="nb">}</span><span class="k">\\</span><span class="na">[1.0em]</span>
                <span class="c">%</span>
                <span class="c">%   Evento e data</span>
                <span class="c">%</span>
                <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\bf</span> #3<span class="nb">}</span> --- <span class="nb">{</span>#4<span class="nb">}</span>
            <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>center<span class="nb">}</span>
            <span class="c">%</span>
            <span class="c">%   </span>
            <span class="c">%</span>
        <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>minipage<span class="nb">}</span>
        <span class="c">%</span>
        <span class="c">%</span>
        <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>tabular<span class="nb">}</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%   deixar algum espaço abaixo da imagem + texto</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="k">\\</span><span class="na">[1.0em]</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%   desenhar uma linha separadora</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="k">\hrule</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%   forçar um espaço abaixo da linha, com &quot;~&quot;, para &quot;contar&quot; como um parágrafo</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    ~
<span class="nb">}</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   Comando para colocar a cotação de cada pergunta</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   **TAREFA** mostrar a cotação de uma pergunta</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   Por exemplo, com </span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%       \cotacao{3,2}</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   o resultado deve ser</span>
<span class="c">%   </span>
<span class="c">%   [Cotação 3,2 valor(es)]</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="k">\newcommand</span><span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\cotacao</span><span class="nb">}</span>[1]<span class="nb">{</span> <span class="c">% um argumento: o número de valores</span>
    BLÁ-BLÁ
<span class="nb">}</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   Ambiente para conter os exercícios</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   O ambiente &quot;exerc&quot; é enumerado automaticamente ...</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="k">\newtheorem</span><span class="nb">{</span>exerc<span class="nb">}{</span>**Exercício**<span class="nb">}</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   O resultado de</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   blá blá</span>
<span class="c">%   \begin{exerc}</span>
<span class="c">%       Quantos planetas tem o sistema solar?</span>
<span class="c">%   \end{exerc}</span>
<span class="c">%   blá blá</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   é</span>
<span class="c">%   </span>
<span class="c">%   blá blá</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   **Exercício** 1. Quantos planetas tem o sistema solar?</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   blá blá</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   ... mas o texto &quot;Quantos planetas tem o sistema solar?&quot; fica em itálico.</span>
<span class="c">%   </span>
<span class="c">%   Para ficar &quot;direito&quot; fazemos outro ambiente:</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="k">\newenvironment</span><span class="nb">{</span>exercicio<span class="nb">}</span>      <span class="c">% nome do novo ambiente</span>
    <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>exerc<span class="nb">}</span><span class="k">\normalfont</span><span class="nb">}</span>  <span class="c">% início: corrigir a fonte</span>
    <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>exerc<span class="nb">}}</span>               <span class="c">% fim</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   Agora o resultado de</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   blá blá</span>
<span class="c">%   \begin{exercicio}</span>
<span class="c">%       Quantos planetas tem o sistema solar?</span>
<span class="c">%   \end{exercicio}</span>
<span class="c">%   blá blá</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   é</span>
<span class="c">%   </span>
<span class="c">%   blá blá</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   **Exercício** 1. Quantos planetas tem o sistema solar?</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   blá blá</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   ... com o texto &quot;Quantos planetas tem o sistema solar?&quot; direito.</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   **TAREFA** Remover os &quot;**&quot; que rodeiam &quot;Exercício&quot;</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   Mancha de texto na página</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="k">\usepackage</span><span class="nb">{</span>geometry<span class="nb">}</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   **TAREFA** fazer caber numa página</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   Alterar os valores de forma ao texto caber todo numa única página</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="k">\geometry</span><span class="nb">{</span>top=3cm, bottom=3cm, left=3cm, right=2cm<span class="nb">}</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%   DOCUMENTO</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="c">%</span>
<span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>document<span class="nb">}</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%   &quot;Preâmbulo&quot;</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%   Páginas sem numeração e sem cabeçalhos automáticos</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="k">\pagestyle</span><span class="nb">{</span>empty<span class="nb">}</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%   Identificação do documento</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%   **TAREFA** Corrigir a informação do cabeçalho ao seu gosto</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="k">\CAB</span><span class="nb">{</span>Departamento de Informática<span class="nb">}</span><span class="c">%</span>
        <span class="nb">{</span>Linguagens Formais e Autómatos<span class="nb">}</span><span class="c">%</span>
        <span class="nb">{</span>Exame (normal)<span class="nb">}</span><span class="c">%</span>
        <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\today</span><span class="nb">}</span><span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%   Introdução</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>enumerate<span class="nb">}</span>
        <span class="k">\item</span> Resolva cada um dos exercícios propostos abaixo;
        <span class="k">\item</span> Repare que os exercícios são numerados <span class="k">\emph</span><span class="nb">{</span>automaticamente<span class="nb">}</span>. O que acontece se trocar a ordem dos exercícios?
    <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>enumerate<span class="nb">}</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%   Exercícios</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>exercicio<span class="nb">}</span>
        Corrija a informação do cabeçalho ao seu gosto.
    <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>exercicio<span class="nb">}</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>exercicio<span class="nb">}</span><span class="k">\cotacao</span><span class="nb">{</span>4<span class="nb">}</span>
        Defina o texto que mostra a cotação de cada pergunta. Aquele ``BLÁ-BLÁ&#39;&#39; deve ser substituído por<span class="k">\ldots</span>
    <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>exercicio<span class="nb">}</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>exercicio<span class="nb">}</span>~ <span class="c">% o &quot;~&quot; força um parágrafo. O que acontece se for retirado?</span>
        Remover os ``**&#39;&#39; que rodeiam ``Exercício&#39;&#39;
    <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>exercicio<span class="nb">}</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>exercicio<span class="nb">}</span>
        Porque é que os três exercícios anteriores não têm cotação?
    <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>exercicio<span class="nb">}</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>exercicio<span class="nb">}</span>
        Acrescente mais perguntas a este ``exame&#39;&#39;.
        <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>enumerate<span class="nb">}</span>
        <span class="k">\item</span> <span class="k">\cotacao</span><span class="nb">{</span>1,5<span class="nb">}</span> use o ambiente <span class="k">\texttt</span><span class="nb">{</span>enumerate<span class="nb">}</span> para acrescentar alguns exercícios com alíneas;
        <span class="k">\item</span> <span class="k">\cotacao</span><span class="nb">{</span>2<span class="nb">}</span> certifique-se que todos os exercícios ou alíneas têm cotações;
        <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>enumerate<span class="nb">}</span>
    <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>exercicio<span class="nb">}</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>exercicio<span class="nb">}</span>
        Use as opções do <span class="k">\emph</span><span class="nb">{</span>package<span class="nb">}</span> <span class="k">\texttt</span><span class="nb">{</span>geometry<span class="nb">}</span> para fazer caber todo o exame numa única página (<span class="k">\textbf</span><span class="nb">{</span>Sugestão:<span class="nb">}</span> Aumente a mancha de texto fazendo as quatro margens mais pequenas).
    <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>exercicio<span class="nb">}</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>exercicio<span class="nb">}</span> <span class="k">\cotacao</span><span class="nb">{</span>1,5<span class="nb">}</span>~

    Porque é que o texto deste exercício não está alinhado como os outros?
    <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>exercicio<span class="nb">}</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>exercicio<span class="nb">}</span>
        <span class="k">\cotacao</span><span class="nb">{</span>1,5<span class="nb">}</span> Já fez todas as tarefas anteriores? Aproveite para &quot;bisbilhotar&quot; os comandos que foram usados aqui e ainda não foram falados no <span class="k">\emph</span><span class="nb">{</span>workshop<span class="nb">}</span>. 

        Note que, no parágrafo anterior, as aspas à volta de ``bisbilhotar&#39;&#39; estão erradas. Como foram feitas nos outros casos?
    <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>exercicio<span class="nb">}</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
    <span class="c">%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%</span>
    <span class="c">%</span>
<span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>document<span class="nb">}</span>
</pre></div>
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